If Bernard Lazare (1865-1903) is still remembered today, it is largely due to the portrayal by Péguy in Notre Jeunesse. Lazare-le-Juste, as he was known, was the first to champion the Dreyfus cause when all hope seemed lost, preceding Zola and others. Indeed, Bernard Lazare was an indefatigable defender of the 'little Jewish captain's' innocence, a figure from an adventure immortalized by Péguy, ensuring his place in posterity. However, Lazare's life and work extended beyond this. Before becoming a spokesperson for the Dreyfusards, Lazare was a symbolist writer, participating in Mallarmé's famous 'Tuesdays,' an anarchist thinker, and for a period, even a self-hating Jew. Like some of his co-religionists and many anarchists of his era, Lazare initially harbored antipathy towards Semitism before evolving into a fervent advocate for Theodor Herzl's Zionism. This significant personal journey, a self-transformation by Lazare himself, is meticulously reconstructed by Philippe Oriol in this biography, drawing upon extensive unpublished archives and correspondence.